While there is evidence documenting the impact of obesity, on health its effect on male fertility often goes unnoticed. Recent studies have highlighted a link between obesity and male infertility prompting researchers to explore remedies. Among these solutions weight loss surgery has emerged as an intervention offering hope for individuals dealing with the complex intersection of obesity and reproductive health.
Understanding the Connection Between Obesity and Male Infertility;
Obesity affects fertility through mechanisms that underscore the intricate relationship between body weight and reproductive function. These include
Scrotal hyperthermia : Obesity causes a lot of fat accumulation in the thighs, groin, and scrotal region. This in turn raises the temperature in the scrotum which is then transmitted to the testis, affecting its function
Chronic epididymitis: As obesity itself is a chronic inflammatory state, obese people are seen to have inflammation/ swelling in the epididymis which is closely associated with the testis. This inflammation affects the sperm function.
Erectile dysfunction: Obesity can cause erectile dysfunction due to the oxidative stress inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance associated with obesity. Erectile dysfunction could be a major cause for male infertility
Sperm DNA fragmentation : Increase in adipocytes leads to increase in peripheral aromatization of testosterone to estradiol. Increase in adipocytes also leads to increase in proinflammatory cytokinesis and increased reactive oxygen species also called ROS. This ROS in turn leads to Sperm DNA fragmentation & and sperm epigenetic changes.
Central and peripheral resistance : Obesity can also lead to central and peripheral resistance. There is reduced GNHR from the hypothalamus in the brain which disrupts the pituitary axis which in turn results in decreased LH and FSH resulting in decreased testosterone and spermatogenesis. Which in turn affects fertility.
Mechanical Causes: Extreme degree of obesity causes the penis to be buried within the scrotal area which could cause problems for sexual intercourse and this in turn could by a cause for Male infertility.
Obstructive sleep apnea: Can also be a contribution factor for Male infertility
Weight Loss Surgery as a Solution;
Similar to its role in addressing female infertility issues, weight loss either by non surgical methods or weight loss surgery (also known as bariatric surgery) has emerged as a potential solution, for tackling male infertility related to obesity.
The non surgical way for weight loss is the Swallow pill balloon and the endo balloon.
The common types of surgery for weight loss are roux- en- Y gastric bypass, gastric sleeve and Mini gastric bypass. There are many things to consider;
1. Patience; It’s crucial for men to wait an amount of time after weight loss surgery before trying to conceive. This gives the body time to stabilize and adjust to the changes ensuring reproductive health.
2. Nutritional Considerations; After weight loss surgery individuals need to follow a planned plan. Proper nutrition is essential for health and fertility
3. Consultation with Healthcare Professionals; Men who are considering weight loss surgery as a solution for infertility should consult with healthcare professionals such as bariatric surgeons. A thorough evaluation will help determine the course of action based on health and fertility concerns.
In conclusion addressing the connection between obesity and male infertility is a health challenge that requires attention and proactive management. Weight loss surgery offers hope for men struggling with obesity related infertility by improving health. However it’s crucial for individuals to have informed discussions with healthcare professionals when making decisions related to weight loss surgery.
