Insulin resistance is a growing concern in today’s world, often leading to serious health issues like Type 2 diabetes. For those struggling to control insulin sensitivity through diet and exercise alone, Bariatric surgery offers a potential solution. This weight loss surgery not only aids in significant weight reduction but also improves metabolic conditions, including insulin resistance.
How exactly Bariatric surgery reverse Insulin Resistance ?
To understand this, we will first understand What is Insulin Resistance ? And then learn – How Bariatric surgery counters Insulin resistance and improves Insulin Sensitivity ?
What is Insulin Resistance? When the body carries excess fat, especially around the abdomen, it disrupts the normal function of insulin. Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin (the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels) preventing the glucose from the blood from entering into the cell. Due to this, the level of glucose in the blood rises signaling the pancreas to produce more insulin as a compensation for raised blood glucose levels.
Without intervention, insulin resistance can progress to full-blown diabetes, along with other metabolic complications This is the reason why, Insulin resistance is a key factor in the development of Type 2 diabetes, and it’s often associated with obesity.
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How Bariatric Surgery counters Insulin Resistance and improves Insulin Sensitivity ? Bariatric surgery plays a crucial role in improving insulin sensitivity by reducing excess body weight and altering gut hormone levels. Bariatric surgery creates this effect in multiple ways like reduction in food intake due to which the body has no other alternative than using stored body fats as energy/fuel for the cell to perform its day to day activities. This leads to reduction in the amount of fat stored in the liver (fatty liver)and other intra abdominal organs, along with a reduction in the amount of subcutaneous fat.
This reduction in fat helps the body respond better to insulin. Additionally, changes in gut hormones like GLP 1, PYY, promote more efficient glucose metabolism, leading to improved blood sugar control, by promoting beta cell function of the pancreas. The weight loss achieved through bariatric surgery also reduces inflammation in the body, which is another key factor in insulin resistance. This combination of effects makes bariatric surgery a powerful tool in managing and even reversing insulin resistance.
There are many types of Bariatric Surgery for Insulin Resistance like the Roux en Y Gastric Bypass Surgery, Mini gastric bypass surgery, Ileal Interposition, Duodenojejunal bypass, SADI bypass, SASI bypass. The Roux en Y gastric bypass is one of the oldest and time tested surgeries. Gastric bypass surgery: This surgery reduces the stomach’s size and bypasses a small part of the small intestine. It limits food intake and does not allow the food to enter into the duodenum and jejunum, which is the upper part of the small intestine, promoting significant and sustained weight loss. For those with insulin resistance, this gastric bypass surgery can lead to quick improvements in blood sugar control. Most of the patients experience a remission of Type 2 diabetes within a week or a month after the gastric bypass surgery.
However, for those who have been suffering from Type 2 diabetes for more than 10 to 15 years, or in those in whom a large amount of beta cells of the pancreas are burnt out, the remission of Type 2 diabetes will take time. These long standing severe diabetics may have to take just a single anti-diabetic medication after the surgery. Sleeve Gastrectomy: This procedure removes a large portion of the stomach, leaving a smaller, sleeve-shaped tube of the remaining stomach. It reduces food intake and alters hormones to improve insulin sensitivity.
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Benefits of Bariatric Surgery for Metabolic Health: The benefits of bariatric surgery extend beyond immediate weight loss and insulin sensitivity. Studies have shown a reduced risk of heart disease, stroke, and other obesity-related conditions. Moreover, improved insulin sensitivity leads to better long-term blood sugar control, lowering the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. The surgery also improves overall energy levels and quality of life, making it easier for individuals to stay active and maintain a healthy lifestyle. These long-term health improvements highlight the profound impact of bariatric surgery on metabolic health.
Is Bariatric Surgery Right for You?
Bariatric surgery is not a one-size-fits-all solution, and it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine if it’s the right option for you. Ideal candidates typically have a BMI of 35 or higher and have struggled to lose weight through diet and exercise. Also those having a BMI of 27 associated with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia can also benefit from this surgery. If insulin resistance or Type 2 diabetes is a concern, bariatric surgery could be a key part of your treatment plan. However, it’s essential to weigh the benefits and risks, including the commitment to lifelong dietary and lifestyle changes that come with the procedure. Consulting with a bariatric surgeon can help you make an informed decision about your health.
