Weight loss surgery, also called bariatric, focuses on helping patients lose weight and improve their metabolism, which is how the body turns food into energy. Besides treating obesity, these surgeries are also very effective in managing conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, and high cholesterol. They can even help prevent future health issues. The benefits of these surgeries allow patients to have a better quality of life and live longer. This blog post provides a comprehensive overview of bariatric surgery, including the different types of procedures, preparation tips, and what to expect before, during, and after surgery.
How the Surgical Procedure Works
Bariatric surgery encompasses several different types, each with its unique approach to promoting weight loss.
- Minigastric bypass: This is a simpler version of the gastric bypass involving lesser restriction in terms of food intake and technically easy to perform as there is a single anastomosis and hence does not involve bile diversion
- Sleeve plus procedures: Here the sleeve gastrectomy is done and a bypass element is added to it to make it more effective and also get the benefits of the bypass.
- Gastric Bypass combines restriction and malabsorption by limiting how much food you can eat and how many nutrients your body absorbs.
- Sleeve Gastrectomy focuses solely on restricting food intake by shrinking the size of the stomach while keeping the digestive process natural.
What to Expect admission
You will be asked to get admitted a day prior to the surgery. You are supposed to get all the investigation reports and file and respirometer along on the day of admission.
After lunch, you will be only on liquids like water, coconut water, buttermilk, fruit juices, soups.
Once you reach your room and get comfortable, your Vitals like pulse, BP, saturation will be checked and documented. You will be given a liquid to purge.
A blood thinner will be given as a subcutaneous prick.
You will be asked to continue to do your spirometry exercises till you go to bed.
On the morning of the surgery, you will be give a change of clothes . An IV line will be put and IV fluids will be started along with the premedication and antibiotic.
You will then be shifted to the operation theatre.
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The Surgery Process: Duration and Steps
At first, you will be put under general anaesthesia by putting you to sleep with an iv injection.Then sequential compression stockings will be placed on your legs and thighs which will maintain circulation in your legs when you are under anaesthesia and thus avoid blood clotting.
The length of bariatric surgery varies depending on the type of procedure. Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy usually take between one to three hours. These surgeries are typically done laparoscopically, using small incisions and specialized tools, which helps to shorten both the surgery time and recovery period. However, the duration can vary based on the patient’s individual needs and the complexity of the case.
Step-by-Step Overview of the Procedure
Bariatric surgery generally begins with the patient under general anesthesia to ensure comfort and safety.Small incisions are made in the abdomen to allow the insertion of a laparoscope and surgical tools.For Gastric Bypass, the surgeon creates a small stomach pouch and reroutes part of the small intestine to this pouch.In Sleeve Gastrectomy, a portion of the stomach is removed, leaving a tube-shaped stomach.Once the procedure is complete, incisions are closed with sutures or staples, and the patient is taken to the recovery room.
Immediate Post-Operative Care
After surgery, patients are transferred to the recovery room, where medical staff closely monitor their vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels, to ensure stability. As the anesthesia wears off, patients might feel groggy or experience mild discomfort, but pain management is prioritized, with medications provided as needed. You will be kept in a propped up position and nebulization will be given and oxygen connected to help the lungs to function well and keep you comfortable.
Within 4 hours of the surgery, you will be made to walk , following which the compression stockings will be reconnected.
You will then be shifted to your room in the ward.
The next morning liquids will be started and IV fluids tapers gradually.1
Chest physiotherapy will be given, spirometry every 2 hours and once you are able to take 100ml of liquids orally every hour, you will be discharged with details of all medications and liquid diet details printed on your discharge summary.2
Conclusion
Bariatric surgery is a life-changing procedure that requires thorough preparation and understanding. From choosing the right type of surgery to knowing what to expect on the day of surgery and during recovery, being well-informed is key to a successful outcome. By understanding each step of the process, patients can approach their surgery with confidence and readiness, paving the way for a healthier future. It is essential to follow all medical advice and attend follow-up appointments to ensure the best possible results. Bariatric surgery is not just about losing weight but achieving a healthier, more fulfilling life.
